Bill Oddie

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Bill Oddie

OBE
Bill Oddie (383148953).jpg
Oddie in February 2007
Born
William Edgar Oddie

(1941-07-07) 7 July 1941 (age 78)
Rochdale, Lancashire, England
Occupation
  • Actor
  • writer
  • comedian
  • composer
  • musician
  • artist
  • ornithologist
  • conservationist
  • television presenter
Political partyGreen
Children3, including Kate Hardie
Websitebilloddie.com

William Edgar Oddie, OBE (born 7 July 1941[1]) is an English writer, comedian, composer, musician, artist, birder, conservationist, television presenter and actor. He became famous as one of The Goodies.

A birder since his childhood in Quinton, Birmingham,[2] Oddie has established a reputation as a naturalist, conservationist, and television presenter on wildlife issues. Some of his books are illustrated with his own paintings and drawings.[3] His wildlife programmes for the BBC include: Springwatch/Autumnwatch, How to Watch Wildlife, Wild in Your Garden, Birding with Bill Oddie, Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie and Bill Oddie Goes Wild.

Early life[edit]

Oddie was born in Rochdale, Lancashire but moved to Birmingham at a young age; his father was assistant chief accountant at the Midlands Electricity Board.[4] His mother was diagnosed with schizophrenia and, during most of his youth, lived in a hospital.[5] He was educated at Lapal Primary School, Halesowen Grammar School (now The Earls High School, Halesowen) and King Edward's School, Birmingham, an all-boys direct grant school (since 1976, an independent school), where he captained the school's rugby union team.[citation needed] He then studied English Literature at Pembroke College, Cambridge.

Career[edit]

Comedy[edit]

Whilst at Cambridge University Oddie appeared in several Footlights Club productions. One of these, a revue called A Clump of Plinths, was so successful at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe that it was renamed Cambridge Circus and transferred to the West End in London, then New Zealand and Broadway in September 1964. Meanwhile, still at Cambridge, Oddie wrote scripts for and appeared briefly in TV's That Was the Week That Was.[6]

He appeared in Bernard Braden's television series On The Braden Beat in 1964. Subsequently, he was a key member of the performers in the BBC radio series I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again, where many of his musical compositions were featured. Some were released on the album Distinctly Oddie (Polydor, 1967). He was one of the first performers to parody a rock song, arranging the traditional Yorkshire folk song "On Ilkla Moor Baht'at" in the style of Joe Cocker's hit rendition of the Beatles' "With a Little Help from My Friends" (released on John Peel's Dandelion Records in 1970 and featured in Peel's special box of most-treasured singles), and singing "Andy Pandy" in the style of a brassy soul number such as Wilson Pickett or Geno Washington might perform. In many shows he would do short impressions of Hughie Green.

On television Oddie was co-writer and performer in the comedy series Twice a Fortnight with Graeme Garden, Terry Jones, Michael Palin and Jonathan Lynn. Later, he was co-writer and performer in the comedy series Broaden Your Mind with Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden, for which Oddie became a cast member for the second series.

Oddie, Brooke-Taylor and Garden then co-wrote and appeared in their television comedy series The Goodies. The Goodies also released records, including "Father Christmas Do Not Touch Me"/"The In-Betweenies", "Funky Gibbon", and "Black Pudding Bertha", which were hit singles in 1974–75. They reformed, briefly, in 2005, for a successful 13-date tour of Australia.

Oddie, Brooke-Taylor and Garden voiced characters on the 1983 animated children's programme Bananaman.[7][8][9]

In the Amnesty International show A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick), Oddie, Brooke-Taylor and Garden sang their hit song "Funky Gibbon". They also appeared on Top of the Pops with the song. Together with Garden (who is a qualified doctor), Oddie co-wrote many episodes of the television comedy series Doctor in the House, including most of the first season and all of the second season. He has occasionally appeared on the BBC Radio 4 panel game I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, on which Garden is and Brooke-Taylor was a regular panellist. In 1982 Garden and Oddie wrote, but did not perform in, a six-part science fiction sitcom called Astronauts for Central and ITV. The show was set in an international space station in the near future.[10]

Natural history[edit]

Oddie's first published work was an article about the birdlife of Birmingham's Bartley Reservoir in the West Midland Bird Club's 1962 Annual Report[11] (he is first credited in the 1956 report, in which reports of his bird observations are tagged with his initials "WEO"[12][13]). He has since written a number of books about birds and birdwatching, as well as articles for many specialist publications including British Birds, Birdwatching Magazine and Birdwatch.

He discussed bird song recordings with Derek Jones in an August 1973 BBC Radio 4 programme called Sounds Natural.[14]

In the autumn of 1976 Oddie was involved in the successful identification of Britain's first ever record of Pallas's reed bunting on Fair Isle, Shetland.[15]

One of Oddie's first forays in the world of television natural history was as a guest on Animal Magic in December 1977.[16] Another early natural history radio appearance was in October, as the guest on Radio 4's Through My Window, discussing the birds of Hampstead Heath.[17]

On 30 July 1985, he was the subject of a 50-minute Nature Watch Special: Bill Oddie – Bird Watcher, in which he was interviewed by Julian Pettifer[18] at places where he had spent time birding, including Bartley Reservoir, the Christopher Cadbury Wetland Reserve at Upton Warren, RSPB Titchwell Marsh and Blakeney Point.[12]

Oddie has since hosted a number of successful nature programmes for the BBC, many produced by Stephen Moss, including:[19]

On its first evening of broadcast in 2004, Britain Goes Wild set a record for its timeslot of 8 pm on BBC Two of 3.4 million viewers, one million more than the Channel 4 programme showing at that time. Britain Goes Wild, renamed Springwatch the following year, became a wildlife broadcasting phenomenon, attracting up to 5 million viewers.[citation needed]

He became president of the West Midland Bird Club in 1999,[20] having been Vice-President since 1991,[20] and is a former member of the council of the RSPB. Oddie is also a President of the League Against Cruel Sports[21] and a vice-president of the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers.[22] He practised as a bird ringer, but allowed his licence to lapse.[12]

In 2003 Oddie set up a half-marathon to raise money for various wildlife charities in his birth-town of Rochdale.[23] Celebrities who have participated in the event include Ray Mears, Catherine Jenkins and Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall.

In 2011, Oddie featured as an investigator in Snares Uncovered: killers in the countryside.[24] The film carried out an exposé of snaring in Scotland and was commissioned by animal protection charity OneKind. During the investigation, Oddie discovered over 70 snare traps and several stink pits.

Music[edit]

Oddie wrote original music at Cambridge University for the Footlights and later wrote comic songs for I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again. He also wrote a number of comic songs for The Goodies, most of them performed by Oddie.

In the 1960s and early 1970s, Oddie released a number of singles and at least one album. One of the former, issued in 1970 on John Peel's Dandelion Records label (Catalogue No: 4786), was On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at,[25] performed in the style of Joe Cocker's With a Little Help from my Friends. The B-side, Harry Krishna, featured the Hare Krishna chant, substituting the names of contemporary famous people called Harry, including Harry Secombe, Harry Worth, Harry Lauder, and Harry Corbett, as well as puns such as "Harry [Hurry] along now", "Harrystotle [Aristotle]" and ending with "Harry-ly [I really] must go now". Both tracks appear on the compilation CD Life Too, Has Surface Noise: The Complete Dandelion Records Singles Collection 1969–1972 (2007).

He played the drums and saxophone and appeared as Cousin Kevin in a production of The Who's rock opera Tommy at the Rainbow Theatre, Finsbury Park, London, on 9 December 1972. He has also contributed vocals to a Rick Wakeman album, Criminal Record.

Oddie took part in the English National Opera production of the Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera The Mikado, in which he appeared in the role of the "Lord High Executioner", taking over the role from Eric Idle. During the early 1990s, Oddie was a DJ for London-based jazz radio station 102.2 Jazz FM.[citation needed]

In 2007 Oddie appeared on the BBC series Play It Again.[26] In the episode he attempts to realise his dream of becoming a rock guitarist. Initially teacher Bridget Mermikides tries to teach him using traditional methods but he rebels: instead he turns to old friends Albert Lee, Dave Davies (of The Kinks) and Mark Knopfler for advice and strikes out on his own. He succeeds in the target of playing lead guitar for his daughter Rosie's band at her 21st birthday party, and even manages to impress his erstwhile teacher.

In November 2010, he agreed, along with fellow members of The Goodies, to re-release their 1970s hit "The Funky Gibbon" to raise funds for the International Primate Protection League's Save the Gibbon appeal.

Other television and audio appearances[edit]

Oddie appeared as the hapless window cleaner in the Eric Sykes' comedy story The Plank in 1967. He also presented the live children's Saturday morning entertainment show Saturday Banana (ITV/Southern Television) during the late 1970s. In the late 1980s he was a presenter of the BBC TV show Fax (a show about 'facts').

In 1981 he appeared as a Telethon celebrity in New Zealand, hosted by TV1.[27] He voices Asterix in the UK dub of the 1989 animated film Asterix and the Big Fight (an animated adaptation of the books Asterix and the Big Fight and Asterix and the Soothsayer, novelized as Operation Getafix).

In the 1990s he became better known as a presenter of birdwatching, and later wildlife-related, programmes such as Springwatch. Although he remains almost unknown to US audiences, in 1992 he was a guest star in the US comedy television series Married... with Children for a 3-part episode set in England.[28]

In 1997–98 he appeared on the Channel 4 archaeological programme Time Team, as the team excavated a Roman villa site in Turkdean, Gloucestershire.

He was the compère of a daytime BBC gameshow History Hunt (in 2003); and has appeared in the Doctor Who audio drama Doctor Who and the Pirates. In 2004, he appeared in the BBC show Who Do You Think You Are?, in which he looked into his ancestry – he was visibly moved by its revelations. His story, in fact, was that long-running series' very first episode. In 2005, he took part in Rolf on Art – the big event at Trafalgar Square and in September that year was also a celebrity guest along with Lynda Bellingham on the ITV1 programme Who Wants to be a Millionaire. He also gave opinions on 100 greatest cartoons on Channel 4 that year, talking about Tom and Jerry and cartoon incidents such as the "Asses of Fire skit" in South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut.[29]

In 2006 Oddie appeared in the BBC show Never Mind the Buzzcocks,[30] and also appeared on the topical quiz show 8 out of 10 Cats. He was also the voice behind many B&Q adverts throughout 2006/2007. On 25 May 2007, Oddie made a cameo appearance on Ronni Ancona's new comedy sketch show, Ronni Ancona & Co.

Also in 2007, three artists each painted a portrait of Oddie, as part of the BBC programme Star Portraits with Rolf Harris. One of the artists, Mark Roscoe, later revealed a dislike of Oddie, claiming to have included hidden insults in his work.[31]

He hosted the genealogy-based series My Famous Family, broadcast on UKTV History in 2007.[32] In 2008, Oddie was a guest on Jamie Oliver's television special Jamie's Fowl Dinners, talking about free-range chickens.[33]

He also appeared on Would I Lie To You? in 2011 where he revealed that he was saved from drowning by Freddy from popular children's series Rainbow and Rod, Jane and Freddy while on holiday in the Seychelles.

Bill Oddie performing live at the Astor Theatre in Perth, Western Australia, 27 June 2013.

In February 2015, Oddie appeared in The Keith Lemon Sketch Show as the narrator of the sketch Ed Sheeran Watch.

He appeared as a contestant on a celebrity edition of Fifteen to One in August 2015.

2013 Australian tour[edit]

Oddie undertook an Australian tour during June 2013 in all of the mainland states capital cities – Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth – in a series of one-off shows, "An Oldie but a Goodie". A video message from Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden was shown during the performances.[34] Oddie made personal appearances on both The Project and Adam Hills Tonight TV shows during the tour; he also filmed a guest-programming spot for the ABC-TV's all-night music video show Rage.[35]

Personal life[edit]

Family[edit]

In 1967 Oddie married Jean Hart,[36][37] and from this marriage he has two daughters, one of whom is the actor Kate Hardie.[citation needed]

In 1983, Oddie married Laura Beaumont-Giles.[citation needed] The couple have worked on a variety of projects for children, including film scripts, drama and comedy series, puppet shows and books. They have a daughter, Rosie, born in October 1985,[citation needed] and live in Hampstead, North London. Rosie Oddie is a musician, also using the name Rosie Bones.[38]

Depression and bipolar disorder[edit]

Oddie experienced depression for most of his life before being diagnosed with clinical depression in 2001.[39] In March 2009 he was reportedly admitted to Capio Nightingale psychiatric hospital in Marylebone for treatment. His then-agent David Foster said: "Bill gets these bouts every two or three years where he gets down for about two weeks and recovers. He sometimes goes into hospital or takes a break or has a change of scenery to recharge his batteries."[40] In January 2010 Oddie spoke to the media, revealing that he had in fact had two separate stays in different hospitals, only being discharged "in time for Christmas". He said that he was dealing with depression and bipolar disorder, describing the period as "probably the worst 12 months of my life". Oddie stated that he was planning to meet with BBC executives to discuss his return to television work.[41]

His illness meant that Oddie did not appear in the 2009 and 2010 series of Springwatch, although he made a guest appearance in the penultimate episode of the latter. He subsequently said he was dismissed from Springwatch and that this had caused the depressive illness.[citation needed]

Oddie presented the BBC Radio 4 Appeal programme on 10 August 2014 on behalf of the charity Bipolar UK. He revealed that as a consequence of his bipolar disorder he had attempted suicide during one of his depressive episodes.[42] On the UK TV programme Who Do You Think You Are? he attributed his depression and bipolar disorder as an adult to his minimal and painful relationship with his mother.[43]

Political views[edit]

Oddie supports the Green Party.[44] In October 2014, on the BBC's Sunday Morning Live, he stated that he wanted a limit on the number of children that British families can have, saying that he was "very often ashamed" to be British, calling them "a terrible race".[45][46]

Honours[edit]

In 2001, Oddie became the third person to decline to appear on This Is Your Life. He changed his mind a few hours later and agreed to appear on the show. On 16 October 2003, Oddie was made an OBE for his service to Wildlife Conservation in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. He wore a camouflage shirt and crumpled jacket to receive his medal. In June 2004, Oddie and Johnny Morris were jointly profiled in the first of a three part BBC Two series, The Way We Went Wild, about television wildlife presenters. In May 2005, he received the British Naturalists' Association's Peter Scott Memorial Award, from BNA president David Bellamy, "in recognition of his great contribution to our understanding of natural history and conservation."[47][48] He is a recipient of the RSPB Medal.[49]

On 30 June 2009, he was proposed for inclusion in the Birmingham Walk of Stars, with the public invited to vote.[50]

Bibliography[edit]

(incomplete list)

  • Bill Oddie Unplucked: Columns, Blogs and Musings ISBN 978-1-4729-1531-3 (Bloomsbury, 2015)
  • Bill Oddie's Introduction to Birdwatching (Subbuteo Books, 2002)
  • Bill Oddie's Colouring Guide to Birds (Piccolo, 1991)
  • Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book
  • Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book (paperback with additional material)
  • Bill Oddie's Gone Birding
  • The Big Bird Race (with David Tomlinson; Collins, 1983)
  • Follow That Bird!
  • Gripping Yarns
  • Bird in the Nest
  • Bill Oddie's How to Watch Wildlife
  • One Flew into the Cuckoos Egg (Autobiography)

Bill Oddie also co-wrote the Springwatch & Autumnwatch book with Kate Humble and Simon King.

Co-written with the other members of The Goodies:

  • The Goodies File
  • The Goodies Book of Criminal Records
  • The Goodies Disaster Movie

Co-written with Laura Beaumont:

Contributions[edit]

Discography[edit]

See also: The Goodies discography and ISIRTA songs

Albums[edit]

Year Title Label Cat No.
1967 Distinctly Oddie Polydor 582 007

Singles[edit]

Year A-side B-side Label Cat. No.
1964 Nothing Better To Do Traffic Island Parlophone R 5153
1965 The Knitting Song Ain't Got Rhythm R 5346
1966 I Can't Get Through Because She Is My Love R 5433
1969 Jimmy Young Irish Get Out Decca F 12903
1970 On Ilkla Moor Baht'at Harry Krishna Dandelion
Epic 		4786
S EPC 3793

In popular culture[edit]

In the fictional world of comedy character Alan Partridge, Oddie is an unseen presence in Alan's life.

He has also been referenced, often humorously, by the hosts of Top Gear. Jeremy Clarkson even used a mask of Oddie's face to escape speed cameras while racing the Nissan GT-R against the Bullet train in Japan in Episode 4 of Top Gear's 11th series. James May also raced in Finland against an Oddie lookalike who won the race.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Wilmut, Roger (1980). From Fringe to Flying Circus: Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960–1980. London: Eyre Metheun. p. 35. ISBN 0-413-46950-6.
  2. ^ Oddie, William (2009). One Flew into the Cuckoo's Egg. Hodder Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-340-95194-1. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  3. ^ "Bill Oddie OBE – Comedian and Naturalist". BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  4. ^ Interview Sunday Times Money p14, 29 March 2015
  5. ^ The One Show, 13 February 2012
  6. ^ "Bill Oddie". David Foster Management. Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  7. ^ ""Bananaman" – 80s Cartoons". 80scartoons.co.uk. 4 February 2012. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  8. ^ "Bananaman – International Hero". Internationalhero.co.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  9. ^ ""Bananaman" – Classic Nick Online". Johnnorrisbrown.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  10. ^ Astronauts at British Comedy Guide
  11. ^ Oddie, W.E. (July 1963). "Birds in the Bartley Reservoir Area, 1931–1962 (Part I)". The West Midland Bird Report, 1962. Birmingham: West Midland Bird Club. 29. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
  12. ^ a b c "Bill Oddie – Bird Watcher". Nature Watch. 30 July 1985. ITV Central.
  13. ^ "Annual Report, 1950s". The West Midland Bird Report, 1956. Birmingham: West Midland Bird Club. 23. July 1957. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  14. ^ Radio Times entry for Sounds Natural. 13 August 1973. BBC Radio. Radio 4.
  15. ^ Palmer, Philip (2000). First for Britain and Ireland 1600–1999. Chelmsford: Arlequin Press. p. 263. ISBN 1-900159-41-4.
  16. ^ Radio Times entry for Animal Magic. 13 December 1977. BBC Television. BBC One.
  17. ^ Radio Times entry for Through My Window. 11 October 1978. BBC Radio. Radio 4.
  18. ^ Lawson, Mark (30 July 1985). "Choice (Today's Television Programmes)". The Times. UK. p. 29. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  19. ^ "Bill Oddie: Film & TV Credits". screenonline.org.uk. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  20. ^ a b "West Midland Bird Club: Chronology". West Midland Bird Club. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  21. ^ "About Us". League Against Cruel Sports. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  22. ^ "BTCV – Who we are". Archived from the original on 18 April 2010.
  23. ^ "Bill Oddie of Rochdale". TownTalk. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  24. ^ "Snares Uncovered". onekind.org. Archived from the original on 16 January 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  25. ^ . eil.com http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=222302. Retrieved 12 June 2009. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ^ "Play It Again: Bill Oddie grapples with the electric guitar". BBC. Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  27. ^ "An Oddie, but a Goodie". Sunday Star Times. 20 September 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  28. ^ "Married...With Children." – BBC Guide to Comedy (Retrieved on: 30 July 2007)
  29. ^ "100 Greatest Cartoons (2005)". IMDb.
  30. ^ Caesar, Ed (19 March 2014). "Bill Oddie: The twitcher". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 July 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  31. ^ Merrill, Jamie (6 March 2015). "The art of revenge: How obscure messages reveal painters' true feelings at a stroke". The Independent. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  32. ^ 1979–, Holdsworth, Amy (2011). Television, memory, and nostalgia. Palgrave Connect (Online service). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781349319237. OCLC 759166279.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ "Jamie's Fowl Dinners on iTunes". iTunes Store. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  34. ^ "An Oldie but a Goodie". Billoddietour.com.au. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  35. ^ "Guests & Specials: Bill Oddie from the Goodies". ABC. 20 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  36. ^ Hampstead marriage register 1967 Oct–-Dec vol. 5b p1372
  37. ^ Wintle, Angela (27 March 2015). "Bill Oddie: My family values". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  38. ^ "Bands in Transit". Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  39. ^ "I couldn't move. I was catatonic". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  40. ^ Gregory, Oliver (11 March 2009). "TV presenter Bill Oddie admitted to hospital with clinical depression". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  41. ^ "Bill Oddie speaks about his depression battle". BBC News. 8 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  42. ^ "Radio 4 Appeal". bbc.co.uk. 10 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  43. ^ "Bill Oddie". Who Do You Think You Are?. Series 1. Episode 10. 27 December 2007. BBC Television. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  44. ^ Oddie, Bill (21 October 2014). "Green Party now ahead of Lib Dems. Now all we have to do is overtake UKIP, Labour and the other lot. This is a party political tweet". Twitter. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.[non-primary source needed]
  45. ^ Alexander, Ella (19 October 2014). "Bill Oddie suggests that large British families should be 'contained'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  46. ^ Fifield, Nicola. "Bill Oddie says large British families need to be 'contained'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  47. ^ "Bill Oddie to receive Peter Scott Memorial Award". PR Newswire Europe Ltd. 26 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  48. ^ "The Peter Scott Memorial Award". British Naturalists' Association. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  49. ^ "Independent journalist wins RSPB medal". Birdwatch. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  50. ^ "Vote for Stars". 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 May 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  51. ^ The New Birds of the West Midlands. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2005.
  • Wilmut, Roger (1980). From Fringe to Flying Circus — Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960–1980. London: Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-46950-6.
  • Hewison, Robert (1983). Footlights! — A Hundred Years of Cambridge Comedy. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-51150-2.

External links[edit]

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