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April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . 273 days remain until the end of the year.
1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now the United States state of Florida .1755 – Commodore William James captures the Maratha fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India.1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint .1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna .1800 – The Treaty of Constantinople establishes the Septinsular Republic , the first autonomous Greek state since the Fall of the Byzantine Empire . 1801 – French Revolutionary Wars : The British capture the Danish fleet.1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand .1863 – American Civil War : The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia .1865 – American Civil War: Defeat at the Third Battle of Petersburg forces the Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate government to abandon Richmond, Virginia .1885 – Canadian Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake , killing nine.1900 – The United States Congress passes the Foraker Act , giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule .1902 – Dmitry Sipyagin , Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire , is assassinated in the Marie Palace , Saint Petersburg .1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles . 1911 – The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census .1912 – The ill-fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials .1917 – World War I : United States President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany .1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan , a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran , is established.1930 – After the mysterious death of Empress Zewditu , Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia .1956 – As the World Turns The Edge of Night CBS . The two soaps become the first daytime dramas to debut in the 30-minute format.1972 – Actor Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled a communist during the Red Scare in the early 1950s.1973 – Launch of the LexisNexis computerized legal research service.1975 – Vietnam War : Thousands of civilian refugees flee from Quảng Ngãi Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest .[1] 1979 – A Soviet bio-warfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores , killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock.1980 – United States President Jimmy Carter signs the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act.1982 – Falklands War : Argentina invades the Falkland Islands .1986 – Alabama governor George Wallace , a former segregationist , best known for the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door ", announces that he will not seek a fifth four-year term and will retire from public life upon the end of his term in January 1987.1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana , Cuba , to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.1989 – ASUS corporation was founded.1991 – Rita Johnston becomes the first female Premier of a Canadian province when she succeeds William Vander Zalm (who had resigned) as Premier of British Columbia .1992 – In New York , Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison.1992 – Forty-two civilians were massacred in the town of Bijeljina in Bosnia and Herzegovina . 2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated.2004 – Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid ; the attack is thwarted.2006 – Over 60 tornadoes break out in the United States; Tennessee is hardest hit with 29 people killed.2012 – A mass shooting at Oikos University in California leaves seven people dead and three injured.2014 – A spree shooting occurs at the Fort Hood army base in Texas, with four dead, including the gunman, and 16 others injured.2015 – Gunmen attack Garissa University College in Kenya , killing at least 148 people and wounding 79 others.2015 – Four men steal items worth up to £200 million from an underground safe deposit facility in London's Hatton Garden area in what has been called the "largest burglary in English legal history."[2] 742 – Charlemagne , Frankish king (d. 814)1473 – John Corvinus , Hungarian noble (d. 1504)1545 – Elisabeth of Valois (d. 1568)1565 – Cornelis de Houtman , Dutch explorer (d. 1599)1586 – Pietro Della Valle , Italian traveler (d. 1652)1602 – Mary of Jesus of Ágreda , Franciscan abbess (d. 1665)1618 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi , Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1663)1647 – Maria Sibylla Merian , German-Dutch botanist and illustrator (d. 1717)1653 – Prince George of Denmark (d. 1708)1696 – Francesca Cuzzoni , Italian operatic soprano (d. 1778)1719 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim , German poet (d. 1803)1725 – Giacomo Casanova , Italian explorer and author (d. 1798)1788 – Francisco Balagtas , Filipino poet and author (d. 1862)1788 – Wilhelmine Reichard , German balloonist (d. 1848) 1789 – Lucio Norberto Mansilla , Argentinian general and politician (d. 1871)1792 – Francisco de Paula Santander , Colombian general and politician, 4th President of the Republic of the New Granada (d. 1840)1798 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , German poet and academic (d. 1874)1805 – Hans Christian Andersen , Danish novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1875)1814 – Henry L. Benning , American general and judge (d. 1875)1814 – Erastus Brigham Bigelow , American inventor (d. 1879)1827 – William Holman Hunt , English soldier and painter (d. 1910)1835 – Jacob Nash Victor , American engineer (d. 1907)1838 – Léon Gambetta , French lawyer and politician, 45th Prime Minister of France (d. 1882)1840 – Émile Zola , French novelist, playwright, journalist (d. 1902)1841 – Clément Ader , French engineer, designed the Ader Avion III (d. 1926)1842 – Dominic Savio , Italian Catholic saint, adolescent student of Saint John Bosco (d. 1857)1861 – Iván Persa , Slovenian priest and author (d. 1935)1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler , American philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)1869 – Hughie Jennings , American baseball player and manager (d. 1928)1875 – Walter Chrysler , American businessman, founded Chrysler (d. 1940)1875 – William Donne , English cricketer and captain (d. 1942) 1884 – J. C. Squire , English poet, author, and historian (d. 1958)[3] 1891 – Jack Buchanan , Scottish entertainer (d. 1957)1891 – Max Ernst , German painter, sculptor, and poet (d. 1976) 1891 – Tristão de Bragança Cunha , Indian nationalist and anti-colonial activist from Goa (d. 1958) 1896 – Johnny Golden , American golfer (d. 1936)1898 – Harindranath Chattopadhyay , Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990)1898 – Chiungtze C. Tsen , Chinese mathematician (d. 1940)1900 – Roberto Arlt , Argentinian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1942)1900 – Anis Fuleihan , Cypriot-American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1970) 1900 – Alfred Strange , English footballer (d. 1978) 1902 – Jan Tschichold , German-Swiss graphic designer and typographer (d. 1974)1903 – Lionel Chevrier , Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Canadian Minister of Justice (d. 1987)1906 – Alphonse-Marie Parent , Canadian priest and educator (d. 1970)1907 – Harald Andersson , American-Swedish discus thrower (d. 1985)1907 – Luke Appling , American baseball player and manager (d. 1991) 1908 – Buddy Ebsen , American actor and dancer (d. 2003)1910 – Paul Triquet , Canadian general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1980)1910 – Chico Xavier , Brazilian spiritual medium (d. 2002) 1914 – Alec Guinness , English actor (d. 2000)1919 – Delfo Cabrera , Argentinian runner and soldier (d. 1981)1920 – Gerald Bouey , Canadian lieutenant and civil servant (d. 2004)1920 – Jack Stokes , English animator and director (d. 2013) 1920 – Jack Webb , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1982) 1922 – John C. Whitehead , American banker and politician, 9th United States Deputy Secretary of State (d. 2015)1923 – Gloria Henry , American actress1923 – Johnny Paton , Scottish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2015) 1923 – G. Spencer-Brown , English mathematician, psychologist, and author (d. 2016) 1924 – Bobby Ávila , Mexican baseball player (d. 2004)1925 – George MacDonald Fraser , Scottish author and screenwriter (d. 2008)1925 – Hans Rosenthal , German radio and television host (d. 1987) 1926 – Jack Brabham , Australian race car driver (d. 2014)1926 – Rudra Rajasingham , Sri Lankan police officer and diplomat (d. 2006) 1927 – Carmen Basilio , American boxer and soldier (d. 2012)1927 – Howard Callaway , American soldier and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Army (d. 2014) 1927 – Rita Gam , American actress (d. 2016) 1927 – Billy Pierce , American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015) 1927 – Kenneth Tynan , English author and critic (d. 1980) 1928 – Joseph Bernardin , American cardinal (d. 1996)1928 – Serge Gainsbourg , French singer-songwriter, actor, and director (d. 1991) 1928 – Roy Masters , English-American radio host 1928 – David Robinson , Northern Irish horticulturist and academic (d. 2004) 1929 – Ed Dorn , American poet and educator (d. 1999)1930 – Roddy Maude-Roxby , English actor1931 – Vladimir Kuznetsov , Russian javelin thrower (d. 1986)1932 – Edward Egan , American cardinal (d. 2015)1933 – György Konrád , Hungarian sociologist and author1934 – Paul Cohen , American mathematician and theorist (d. 2007)1934 – Brian Glover , English wrestler and actor (d. 1997) 1934 – Carl Kasell , American journalist and game show host (d. 2018) 1934 – Richard Portman , American sound engineer (d. 2017) 1934 – Dovid Shmidel , Austrian-born Israeli rabbi 1936 – Shaul Ladany , Serbian-Israeli race walker and engineer1937 – Dick Radatz , American baseball player (d. 2005)1938 – John Larsson , Swedish 17th General of The Salvation Army 1938 – Booker Little , American trumpet player and composer (d. 1961) 1938 – Al Weis , American baseball player 1939 – Marvin Gaye , American singer-songwriter (d. 1984)1939 – Anthony Lake , American academic and diplomat, 18th United States National Security Advisor 1939 – Lise Thibault , Canadian journalist and politician, 27th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 1940 – Donald Jackson , Canadian figure skater and coach1940 – Mike Hailwood , English motorcycle racer (d. 1981) 1940 – Penelope Keith , English actress 1941 – Dr. Demento , American radio host1941 – Sonny Throckmorton , American country singer-songwriter 1942 – Leon Russell , American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2016)1942 – Roshan Seth , Indian-English actor 1943 – Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce , South African-English admiral and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1943 – Caterina Bueno , Italian singer (d. 2007) 1943 – Larry Coryell , American jazz guitarist (d. 2017) 1943 – Antonio Sabàto, Sr. , Italian actor 1944 – Bill Malinchak , American football player1945 – Jürgen Drews , German singer-songwriter1945 – Guy Fréquelin , French race car driver 1945 – Linda Hunt , American actress 1945 – Reggie Smith , American baseball player and coach 1945 – Don Sutton , American baseball player and sportscaster 1945 – Anne Waldman , American poet 1946 – Richard Collinge , New Zealand cricketer1946 – David Heyes , English politician 1946 – Sue Townsend , English author and playwright (d. 2014) 1946 – Kurt Winter , Canadian guitarist and songwriter (d. 1997) 1947 – Paquita la del Barrio , Mexican singer-songwriter1947 – Tua Forsström , Finnish writer 1947 – Emmylou Harris , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1947 – Camille Paglia , American author and critic 1948 – Roald Als , Danish author and illustrator1948 – Dimitris Mitropanos , Greek singer (d. 2012) 1948 – Daniel Okrent , American journalist and author 1948 – Joan D. Vinge , American author 1949 – Paul Gambaccini , American-English radio and television host1949 – Bernd Müller , German footballer 1949 – Pamela Reed , American actress 1949 – David Robinson , American drummer 1950 – Lynn Westmoreland , American politician1951 – Ayako Okamoto , Japanese golfer1952 – Lennart Fagerlund , Swedish cyclist1952 – Will Hoy , English race car driver (d. 2002) 1952 – Leon Wilkeson , American bass player and songwriter (d. 2001) 1953 – Jim Allister , Northern Irish lawyer and politician1953 – Rosemary Bryant Mariner , 20th and 21st-century U.S. Navy aviator[4] 1953 – Malika Oufkir , Moroccan Berber writer[5] 1953 – Debralee Scott , American actress (d. 2005) 1953 – James Vance , American author and playwright (d. 2017) 1954 – Gregory Abbott , American singer-songwriter and producer1954 – Donald Petrie , American actor and director 1955 – Michael Stone , Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary1957 – Caroline Dean , English biologist and academic1957 – Hank Steinbrenner , American businessman, co-owner of the New York Yankees 1958 – Stefano Bettarello , Italian rugby player1958 – Larry Drew , American basketball player and coach 1959 – Gelindo Bordin , Italian runner1959 – David Frankel , American director, producer, and screenwriter 1959 – Juha Kankkunen , Finnish race car driver 1959 – Yves Lavandier , French director and producer 1959 – Badou Ezzaki , Moroccan footballer and manager 1960 – Linford Christie , Jamaican-English sprinter1960 – Brad Jones , Australian race car driver 1960 – Pascale Nadeau , Canadian journalist 1961 – Buddy Jewell , American singer-songwriter1961 – Christopher Meloni , American actor 1961 – Keren Woodward , English singer-songwriter 1962 – Pierre Carles , French director and producer1962 – Billy Dean , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Clark Gregg , American actor 1963 – Karl Beattie , English director and producer1963 – Mike Gascoyne , English engineer 1964 – Pete Incaviglia , American baseball player and coach1964 – Jonathon Sharkey , American wrestler 1965 – Rodney King , American victim of police brutality (d. 2012)1966 – Bill Romanowski , American football player and actor1966 – Teddy Sheringham , English footballer and coach 1967 – Greg Camp , American singer-songwriter and guitarist1967 – Phil Demmel , American guitarist and songwriter 1969 – Ajay Devgan , Indian actor, director, and producer1971 – Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto , Brazilian footballer1971 – Jason Lewry , English cricketer 1971 – Todd Woodbridge , Australian tennis player and sportscaster 1972 – Remo D'Souza , Indian choreographer and dancer1972 – Calvin Davis , American sprinter and hurdler 1972 – Zane Lamprey , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1973 – Dmitry Lipartov , Russian footballer1973 – Roselyn Sánchez , Puerto Rican-American actress 1973 – Aleksejs Semjonovs , Latvian footballer 1974 – Tayfun Korkut , Turkish football manager and former player1975 – Randy Livingston , American basketball player1975 – Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski , German rower 1976 – Andreas Anastasopoulos , Greek shot putter1976 – Rory Sabbatini , South African golfer 1976 – Pattie Mallette , Canadian author and film producer 1977 – Per Elofsson , Swedish skier1977 – Michael Fassbender , German-Irish actor and producer 1977 – Hanno Pevkur , Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Justice 1978 – Scott Lynch , American author1978 – Ethan Smith , American actor, director, and producer 1979 – Jesse Carmichael , American keyboard player1980 – Avi Benedi , Israeli singer and songwriter1980 – Adam Fleming , Scottish journalist 1980 – Gavin Heffernan , Canadian director and screenwriter 1980 – Ricky Hendrick , American race car driver (d. 2004) 1980 – Wairangi Koopu , New Zealand rugby league player 1980 – Carlos Salcido , Mexican footballer 1981 – Michael Clarke , Australian cricketer1981 – Kapil Sharma , Indian stand-up comedian, television presenter and actor 1982 – Marco Amelia , Italian footballer1982 – Jeremy Bloom , American football player and skier 1982 – Jack Evans , American wrestler 1982 – David Ferrer , Spanish tennis player 1983 – Yung Joc , American rapper 1983 – Maksym Mazuryk , Ukrainian pole vaulter 1984 – Engin Atsür , Turkish basketball player1984 – Nóra Barta , Hungarian diver 1984 – Jérémy Morel , French footballer 1985 – Thom Evans , Zimbabwean-Scottish rugby player1985 – Stéphane Lambiel , Swiss figure skater 1986 – Ibrahim Afellay , Dutch footballer1986 – Andris Biedriņš , Latvian basketball player 1986 – Lee DeWyze , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1987 – Pablo Aguilar , Paraguayan footballer1987 – Marc Pugh , English footballer 1988 – Jesse Plemons , American actor1990 – Yevgeniya Kanayeva , Russian gymnast1990 – Miralem Pjanić , Bosnian footballer 1991 – Quavo , American rapper1997 – Dillon Bassett , American racing driver[6] 1997 – Abdelhak Nouri , Dutch footballer 870 – Æbbe the Younger , Frankish abbess872 – Muflih al-Turki , Turkish general968 – Yuan Dezhao , Chinese chancellor (b. 891)991 – Bardas Skleros , Byzantine general[7] 1118 – Baldwin I , king of Jerusalem1244 – Henrik Harpestræng , Danish botanical and medical author1272 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall , English husband of Sanchia of Provence (b. 1209)1335 – Henry of Bohemia (b. 1265)1412 – Ruy González de Clavijo , Spanish explorer and author1416 – Ferdinand I , king of Aragon (b. 1379)1502 – Arthur , prince of Wales (b. 1486)1507 – Francis of Paola , Italian friar and saint, founded the Order of the Minims (b. 1416)1511 – Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe , German nobleman (b. 1428)1640 – Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski , Polish author and poet (b. 1595)1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608)1657 – Jean-Jacques Olier , French priest, founded the Society of Saint-Sulpice (b. 1608) 1672 – Pedro Calungsod , Filipino missionary and saint (b. 1654)1672 – Diego Luis de San Vitores , Spanish Jesuit missionary (b. 1627) 1720 – Joseph Dudley , English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1647)1742 – James Douglas , Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675)1747 – Johann Jacob Dillenius , German-English botanist and mycologist (b. 1684)1754 – Thomas Carte , English historian and author (b. 1686)1787 – Thomas Gage , English general and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1719)1791 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau , French journalist and politician (b. 1749)1801 – Thomas Dadford, Jr. , English engineer (b. 1761)1803 – Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet , Scottish judge and politician (b. 1721)1817 – Johann Heinrich Jung , German author and academic (b. 1740)1827 – Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus , German physician and educator (b. 1776)1845 – Philip Charles Durham , Scottish admiral and politician (b. 1763)1865 – A. P. Hill , American general (b. 1825)1872 – Samuel Morse , American painter and academic, invented the Morse code (b. 1791)1891 – Albert Pike , American lawyer and general (b. 1809)1891 – Ahmed Vefik Pasha , Greek playwright and politician, 249th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1823) 1894 – Achille Vianelli , Italian painter and academic (b. 1803)1896 – Theodore Robinson , American painter and academic (b. 1852)1914 – Paul Heyse , German author, poet, and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)1917 – Bryn Lewis , Welsh international rugby player (b.1891)1923 – Topal Osman , Turkish colonel (b. 1883)1928 – Theodore William Richards , American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)1930 – Zewditu I of Ethiopia (b. 1876)1933 – Ranjitsinhji , Indian cricketer (b. 1872)1936 – Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne , French general (b. 1860)1942 – Édouard Estaunié , French novelist (b. 1862)1948 – Sabahattin Ali , Turkish journalist, author, and poet (b. 1907)1953 – Hugo Sperrle , German field marshal (b. 1885)1966 – C. S. Forester , English novelist (b. 1899)1972 – Franz Halder , German general (b. 1884)1972 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu , Japanese martial artist and educator (b. 1887) 1974 – Georges Pompidou , French banker and politician, 19th President of France (b. 1911)1977 – Walter Wolf , German academic and politician (b. 1907)1987 – Buddy Rich , American drummer, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1917)1989 – Manolis Angelopoulos , Greek singer (b. 1939)1992 – Juanito , Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1954)1992 – Jan van Aartsen , Dutch politician (b. 1909) 1994 – Betty Furness , American actress, consumer advocate, game show panelist, television journalist and television personality (b. 1916)1994 – Marc Fitch , British historian and philanthropist (b. 1908)1995 – Hannes Alfvén , Swedish physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)1997 – Tomoyuki Tanaka , Japanese director and producer (b. 1910)1998 – Rob Pilatus , American-German singer-songwriter (b. 1965)2001 – Charles Daudelin , Canadian sculptor and painter (b. 1920)2002 – Levi Celerio , Filipino composer and songwriter (b. 1910)2002 – John R. Pierce , American engineer and author (b. 1910) 2003 – Edwin Starr , American singer-songwriter (b. 1942)2004 – John Argyris , Greek computer scientist, engineer, and academic (b. 1913)2005 – Lillian O'Donnell , American crime novelist (b. 1926)[8] 2005 – Pope John Paul II (b. 1920) 2006 – Lloyd Searwar , Guyanese anthologist and diplomat (b. 1925)2007 – Henry L. Giclas , American astronomer and academic (b. 1910)2008 – Yakup Satar , Turkish World War I veteran(b. 1898)2009 – Albert Sanschagrin , Canadian bishop (b. 1911)2009 – Bud Shank , American saxophonist and flute player (b. 1926) 2010 – Chris Kanyon , American wrestler (b. 1970)2011 – John C. Haas , American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1918)2012 – Jesús Aguilarte , Venezuelan captain and politician (b. 1959)2012 – Elizabeth Catlett , American-Mexican sculptor and illustrator (b. 1915) 2012 – Mauricio Lasansky , American graphic designer and academic (b. 1914) 2013 – Fred , French author and illustrator (b. 1931)2013 – Jesús Franco , Spanish director, screenwriter, producer, and actor (b. 1930) 2013 – Milo O'Shea , Irish-American actor (b. 1926) 2014 – Glyn Jones , South African actor and screenwriter (b. 1931)2014 – Urs Widmer , Swiss author and playwright (b. 1938) 2015 – Manoel de Oliveira , Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1908)2015 – Robert H. Schuller , American pastor and author (b. 1926) 2015 – Steve Stevaert , Belgian businessman and politician, Governor of Limburg (b. 1954) 2016 – Gallieno Ferri , Italian comic book artist and illustrator (b. 1929)2016 – Robert Abajyan , Armenian sergeant (b. 1996) Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Osborne, Milton E (1994). Sihanouk Prince of Light, Prince of Darkness . Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America: University of Hawaii Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-8248-1639-1 ^ "Hatton Garden raid 'largest in English history' " . BBC News . 23 November 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015 .^ Bradford, Richard. Literary rivals : feuds and antagonisms in the world of books ISBN 978-1-84954-602-7 OCLC 856200735 . ^ "Obituary for Captain Rosemary Bryant Mariner at Holley Gamble Funeral Home -Clinton" . www.holleygamble.com . Retrieved 2019-02-01 .^ Leser, David (November 28, 2001). "Malika Oufkir: From a Palace to a Prison" (PDF) . Australian Women's Weekly : 99. ^ "Dillon Bassett" . racing-reference.info . Retrieved 2019-11-17 .^ Holmes, Catherine (2005). Basil II and the Governance of Empire, 976–1025 . Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 976–1025. ISBN 0-19-927968-3 ^ "O'DONNELL, LILLIAN" . The New York Times . 2005-04-04. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-01-29 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to April 2
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